Updated 2020-03-17

Node keys

Each node has a node key pair consisting of a node private key and a node public key.

Node private key

If a key file does not exist in the data directory and when starting Besu the --node-private-key-file option is not specified, Besu generates a node private key and writes it to the key file. Stopping and restarting Besu without deleting the key file causes Besu to reuse the same private key when restarting.

If a key file exists in the data directory when starting Besu, the node starts with the private key in the key file.

Info

The private key is not encrypted.

Node public key

The node public key displays in the log after starting Besu. Use the public-key subcommand to export the public key to a file.

The node public key is also referred to as the node ID. The node ID forms part of the enode URL of a node.

Enode URL

The enode URL identifies a node. For example, the --bootnodes option and the perm_addNodesToWhitelist method specify nodes by enode URL.

The enode URL format is enode://<id>@<host:port> where:

• <id> is the node public key, excluding the initial 0x.
• <host:port> is the host and port the bootnode is listening on for P2P peer discovery. Specify the host and port using the --p2p-host and --p2p-port options. The default host is 127.0.0.1 and the default port is 30303.

Example

If the --p2p-host or --p2p-port options are not specified and the node public key is 0xc35c3ec90a8a51fd5703594c6303382f3ae6b2ecb9589bab2c04b3794f2bc3fc2631dabb0c08af795787a6c004d8f532230ae6e9925cbbefb0b28b79295d615f, then the enode URL is enode://c35c3ec90a8a51fd5703594c6303382f3ae6b2ecb9589bab2c04b3794f2bc3fc2[email protected]127.0.0.1:30303

The enode URL displays when starting a Besu node. Use the net_enode JSON-RPC API method to get the enode URL for the node.

The enode advertised to other nodes during discovery is the external IP address and port, as defined by --nat-method.

Specifying a custom node private key file

Use the --node-private-key-file option to specify a custom key file in any location.

If the key file exists, the node starts with the private key in the key file. If the key file does not exist, Besu generates a node private key and writes it to the key file.

For example, the following command either reads the node private key from privatekeyfile or writes a generated private key to privatekeyfile.

Example

besu --node-private-key-file="/Users/username/privatekeyfile"